Basic Chloroquine Information

• INN (International Nonproprietary Name): Chloroquine
• Brand Names Available in the United Kingdom: Nivaquine, Aralen
• ATC Code: P01BA01
• Forms & Dosages: Tablets (100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg), Oral solution (50 mg/5 ml), Injectable forms
• Manufacturers in the United Kingdom: Sanofi, Emzor Pharma
• Registration Status in the United Kingdom: Registered as a prescription medication
• OTC / Rx Classification: Prescription Only

Everyday Use & Best Practices

Timing is crucial when taking chloroquine, particularly to align with daily schedules and sleep patterns. For most patients, morning dosing is preferred as it reduces the likelihood of interference with sleep. Patients who take chloroquine in the evening may experience heightened stimulation, affecting sleep quality. Hence, for those who are affected by sleep disturbances, morning consumption is optimal.

Considering UK dietary habits, chloroquine can be taken either with or without food. However, taking it with food might help reduce gastrointestinal upset, which some individuals experience with the medication. Given the common practice of having heavier meals in the evenings, a morning dose could be beneficial to avoid discomfort during lunch or dinner times.

Safety Priorities

Certain individuals should avoid chloroquine as highlighted by the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency). This includes those with known hypersensitivity to chloroquine, existing retinal issues, or specific pre-existing health conditions such as severe liver or kidney impairment. Patients with a history of epilepsy should also be cautious with chloroquine use.

While on chloroquine, it's essential to limit activities that require full concentration, such as driving or operating heavy machinery. Patients may experience side effects like dizziness or blurred vision that can impact their ability to perform these tasks safely. It’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional if uncertain about one’s capacities while on this medication.

Dosage & Adjustments

The standard dosing regimen for chloroquine varies based on the condition being treated. For adults suffering from malaria, the typical initial dose is 600 mg, followed by 300 mg at intervals of 6, 24, and 48 hours for a total maximum of 1.5 g. In children, the dosage is weight-dependent, generally starting at 10 mg per kg initially.

Special cases necessitate dosage adjustments. Elderly patients should have their dosages carefully monitored due to an increased risk of cardiac issues and side effects. Those with renal impairment also require reduced doses, as improper clearance can lead to toxicity. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are crucial to ensure safety.

User Testimonials

Many patients across the UK have reported positive outcomes with chloroquine, particularly in managing malaria and certain rheumatic diseases. Users have noted significant improvements in their conditions after starting treatment. Several have expressed relief in managing symptoms they previously thought were debilitating.

Despite its benefits, users from various forums have highlighted some challenges. Common issues include side effects such as nausea and gastrointestinal discomfort. Patients have generally advised newcomers to discuss potential side effects with their healthcare provider before starting treatment. Sharing experiences in support groups has also proven beneficial for many users.

Buying Guide

When considering where to purchase chloroquine in the UK, several major pharmacies offer it, including Boots, LloydsPharmacy, and Superdrug. Availability may vary, and it is advisable to check with local branches or their online services for stock prior to visiting.

In terms of pricing, the NHS prescription charge applies when obtaining chloroquine via prescription, while buying it privately may incur different costs. Typically, prices for the tablets can vary, so it's prudent to compare costs across different sources to find the best option. Those considering purchasing online should ensure they're using reputable sources to avoid counterfeit products.

What’s Inside & How It Works

Chloroquine tablets contain chloroquine phosphate as their active ingredient, while inactive components may vary by manufacturer. It is crucial for patients to be aware of these ingredients, especially for those who may have specific allergies or sensitivities.

Understanding the mechanism of action of chloroquine helps clarify its use. Essentially, chloroquine functions by accumulating within the parasite's cells, disrupting their capability to metabolise and digest hemoglobin. This action leads to the death of the malaria parasites and alleviates symptoms related to the disease. Additionally, in non-malarial conditions, it engages with immune systems to reduce inflammation.

Main Indications

Approved uses (MHRA listing)

Chloroquine is officially approved for several conditions according to the latest MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) guidelines. These include:

• Acute malaria caused by Plasmodium species, most commonly P. falciparum and P. vivax.
• Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where it acts as an immunosuppressant.
• Amebiasis, an intestinal infection caused by Entamo

  Regulation Snapshot

  The approval process for chloroquine in the United Kingdom is primarily overseen by the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency). Chloroquine falls under the classification as a prescription-only medication due to its potential toxicities and specific usage indications, primarily for malaria and certain autoimmune conditions. Manufacturers must demonstrate safety and efficacy through rigorous clinical trials before receiving MHRA approval. As of recent years, the MHRA has updated its guidance concerning chloroquine, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, where emergency use initially gained traction but has since been restricted due to safety concerns.

  Within the NHS framework, chloroquine is prescribed according to specific clinical guidelines. These guidelines ensure that prescriptions are issued based on recognised indications and include necessary follow-ups to monitor any adverse effects, such as chloroquine retinopathy. As a patient, understanding this prescribing process can clarify expectations when receiving treatment through the NHS.

  FAQ Section

  1. What is chloroquine used for?

  Chloroquine is mainly used in the UK to treat malaria and some autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. It has been a staple in antimalarial therapies, especially in endemic areas.

  2. Can chloroquine be taken without a prescription?

  In the UK, chloroquine is classified as prescription-only, which means it cannot be purchased off the shelf without a healthcare professional's approval. This regulation ensures safe use and monitoring of potential side effects.

  3. What are the common side effects of chloroquine?

  Patients may experience mild to moderate side effects, including nausea, headache, or blurred vision. Long-term users require regular eye exams to monitor for possible retinopathy, which is a serious side effect.

  4. How should I take chloroquine?

  Chloroquine dosage typically varies based on the condition being treated and patient factors like age and weight. It's essential to follow the healthcare provider's instructions and complete the prescribed course, especially for malaria treatment.

  Guidelines for Proper Use

  UK pharmacist counselling style

  Pharmacists in the UK play a vital role in patient education regarding chloroquine use. They typically advise patients on the importance of adhering to prescribed dosages and timings.

  • Discuss potential side effects and what to watch for, such as vision changes.
  • Encourage patients to report any adverse reactions immediately.
  • Remind patients of the importance of regular follow-up appointments for ongoing monitoring.

  NHS patient support advice

  The NHS provides a wealth of resources for patients using chloroquine, including information brochures and online support channels. Patients can access:

  • Details on potential side effects and management strategies.
  • Guidance on what to do in case of missed or overdosed medication.
  • Contact information for helplines offering further assistance.

  Ensuring patients are well-informed can enhance treatment efficacy and safety, fostering a collaborative healthcare environment.

  City	Region	Delivery Time
  London	Greater London	5–7 days
  Birmingham	West Midlands	5–7 days
  Manchester	North West	5–7 days
  Leeds	West Yorkshire	5–7 days
  Glasgow	Scotland	5–7 days
  Sheffield	South Yorkshire	5–7 days
  Liverpool	North West	5–7 days
  Bristol	South West	5–9 days
  Newcastle	North East	5–9 days
  Nottingham	East Midlands	5–9 days
  Cardiff	Wales	5–9 days
  Manchester	North West	5–7 days
  Coventry	West Midlands	5–9 days
  Leicester	East Midlands	5–9 days